1 July

name origin meaning rune
Ask Old Norse: askr as/ås/ós (ansu) meaning ‘a god’

askr meaning ‘ash’ or from and ‘ask tree’
Mythology
Creation of man. Askr – the first man.  (Embla – the first woman.)  They were made from the Ask and Embla trees.    The three God brothers Odin, Hœnir (Vilije) and Lóðurr (Ve), were walking along a beach and found the two trees.  They took wood from each and created the first two humanbeings: Ask and Embla – man and woman.  Odin gave them life and breath.  Vile gave them sense and motion, and Ve gave them voice, hearing and vision.

Literature
Poetic Edda: Völuspá, Prose Edda: Gylfaginning
name origin meaning rune
Embla Old Norse: embla almr meaning ‘elm, elm tree’ or

emblu-askr meaning ‘ash tree’
Mythology
See ‘Ask‘ above.

Literature
Poetic Edda: Völuspá, Prose Edda: Gylfaginning

2 July

name origin meaning rune
Kjartan Old Norse: kjartan
Celtic		 Sea warrior
Literature
Icelandic Sagas:
Harðar saga og Hólmverja, Gunnlaugs saga ormstungu, Fljótsdæla saga, Eyrbyggja saga, The Story of the Laxdalers, Njaala, elder Soga um Njaal Torgeirson og sønerne hans, La Saga de Njal, La Saga de Gunnlaug Langue de Serpent, Vatnsdæla saga, Grettir’s Saga, Egils saga Skalla-Grímssonar, Heiðarvíga saga, Grettis saga*’Kjartan’ isn’t traditionally an Old Norse name but it is thought that the name refers to a pirate from the seas.
name origin meaning rune
Kjellfrid Old Norse: ketill and -friðr ketill (n) meaning ‘helmet, ‘kettle-helm’ or ‘chieftain with helmet’friðr meaning ‘love, peace’
KETILL:
(Ketil, Kjell, Kjetill)

Literature
Icelandic Sagas:
Hænsa-Thori’s Saga, The Saga of Erik the Red, The Saga of the Ere-Dwellers, The Saga of Viglund the Fair, The Saga of the Heath Slayings, The Story of Hen-Thorir, The Story of Thórðor Hreða, The Saga of Viga-Glum, Grettis Saga, Saga of Njal, Fóstbræðra Saga, Heiðarviga Saga, Saga of Thorsten the White, Saga of Helge and Grim, Dropløg’s Sons, Ljósvetninga Saga, Grænlendinga Saga, Kormáks Saga, Saga of Egil Skalla-Grimssonar, Laxdæla Saga, Brennu-Njál Saga, Þorstein Siðu-Hallsonar Saga, Flóamanna Saga, Bárðar Saga, Reykdæla Saga og Víga-Skútu, Vopnafjordingernes Saga, Brodd-Helge and his son Bjarne Story, Droplaugarsona Saga, Eyrbyggja Saga, Fljótsdæla Saga, Vatnsdæla Saga

Other: Old Norse King’s Sagas – Heimskringla:

Old Norse:
Ketill jamti, son Önundar jarls or Sparabúi, fór austr um Kjöl, ok mikill mannfjöldi með honum, ok höfðu búferli sitt með sér. Þeir ruddu markir ok bygðu þar stór heruð; þat var síðan kallat Jamtaland.

English Translation:
Ketil Jamti, son of Earl Onund of Sparbu (in Trøndelag), went east over the Keel, together with a great many others, taking along their livestock. They cleared the forest and cultivated a large district. Later, this was called Jamtaland. —Snorri Sturluson

Runes

1. Orkestra Runestones – Sm 5 – Viking Age – Småland, Sweden

Inscription:
kotr : sati : sten : þana : eftR : ketil :, sun : sin : han : faR :,  mana : mesr o:niþikR : eR a : eklati : ali : tunþi

Old Norse Translation:
Gautr satti stæin þenna æftiR Kætil, sun sinn. Hann vaR, manna mæstr oniðingR, eR a Ænglandi aldri tyndi.

English Translation:
Gautr placed this stone in memory of Ketill, his son. He was, the most unvillainous of men, who forfeited his life in England.

2. Sö 338 – Viking Age – Södermanland, Sweden

Inscription:
* ketil : auk + biorn + þaiR + raistu + stain + þin[a] + at + þourstain : faþur + sin + anuntr + at + bruþur + sin + auk : hu[skar]laR + hifiR + iafna + ketilau at + buanta sin * ¶ bruþr uaRu þaR bistra mana : a : lanti auk : i liþi : uti : h(i)(l)(t)u sini huska(r)la : ui-
han + fial + i + urustu + austr + i + garþum + lis + furugi + lanmana + bestr

Old Norse translation:
Kætill ok Biorn þæiR ræistu stæin þenna at Þorstæin, faður sinn, Anundr at broður sinn ok huskarlaR æftiR(?) iafna, Kætiløy at boanda sinn. Brøðr vaRu þæiR bæstra manna, a landi ok i liði uti, heldu sina huskarla ve[l].
Hann fioll i orrustu austr i Garðum, liðs forungi, landmanna bæstr.

English translation:
Ketill and Bjôrn, they raised this stone in memory of Þorsteinn, their father; Ônundr in memory of his brother and the housecarls in memory of the just(?) (and) Ketiley in memory of her husbandman. These brothers were the best of men in the land and abroad in the retinue, held their housecarls well.
He fell in battle in the east in Garðar (Russia), commander of the retinue, the best of landholders.

FRIÐR:
(friða, friður) is a name-element (often used as an extension) that became popular during the spread of Christianity.  It can also mean ‘protection’ and ‘defence’.

Runes

1. Manx Runes – Br Olsen;217B – Viking Age – Isle of Man

Inscription:
+ iualfir : sunr : þurulfs : hins : rauþa : ris(t)i : krus : þono : aft : friþu : muþur : sino +

Old Norse Translation:
<iualfir>, sonr Þórulfs hins Rauða, reisti kross þenna ept Fríðu, móður sína.

English Translation:
<iualfir>, the son of Þórulfr the Red, raised this cross in memory of Fríða, his mother.

3 July

name origin meaning
André Hebrew: andros Of a man
name origin meaning
Andrea/Andrine Hebrew: andros Of a man

4 July

name origin meaning rune
Ulrik Old Norse: ullr and -ríkr ullr meaning ”glory’ríkr meaning ‘mighty, distinguished, rich’
Ull:
(Ól, Úl, Ul, Ullr)

Mythology
‘Ullr’ – the god Ull – the step-son of Thor.  The god of the hunt.

Literature
Icelandic Sagas:
Kormáks Saga, Gunnlaugs Saga Ormstungu, Bjarnar Saga Hítdælakappa, Grettis Saga, Gísla Saga Súrssonar, Heiðarvíga Saga, Brennu-Njáls Saga

Poetic Edda: Grímmnismál, Prose Edda: Gylfaginning and Skáldskaparmál, Gesta Danorum

Runes

1. Bösta Runestone – U 885 – Viking Age – Uppland, Sweden

The hunter on the skis with a bow and arrow could possible represent the god Ull.

RIK:
(Rik/Rig/Rid)

The extension ‘rik/rig/rid’ is added to a name (particularly a Norse god) to describe one as ‘old and wise, mighty and strong’.

Mythology
Rig is another name for Heimdall – the father of mankind.

Literature
Poetic Edda: Rígthula, Prose Edda: Völuspá

Rigstula (Rígþula, The Song of Rig) is a mythological poem in the older (Poetic) Edda. The poem tells about how Rig is ancestor to the three beaches. The three beaches are: bondage, farmer and jarl (also meaning ‘Earl’). Rigstula further provides a picture of how it is to belong to each of the beaches (or classes).
name origin meaning rune
Ulla Old Norse: ullr ullr meaning ‘glory’
See ‘Ullr‘ above.

5 July

name origin meaning
Mirjam Hebrew Beauty, steadfast, hopeful, wished for
name origin meaning
Mina Short form of many names

6 July

name origin meaning rune
Torgrim Old Norse: Þórr and -grímr Þórr meaning ‘Tor’ (God of Thunder)Grímr meaning ‘mask, used of a helm which hides the face’
TOR:
(Thor/Ϸor/Ϸór/Ϸorr)

Mythology
Thor is the red-haired god of thunder (war and agriculture).  He carries a hammer and rides a chariot pulled by two goats.  The hammer makes the sound of thunder and lightening sparks fly from the chariot’s wheels.

Literature
Icelandic Sagas:
Thorgrima: Eyrbyggja Saga,Saga om Helge og Grim, Dropløgs Sønner, Laksdøla, Haavard Isfjordings Saga, Færøingernes saga, Sagan om Gunnlög Ormstunga och Skald-Ram, Nials Saga, Njaala, elder Soga um Njaal Torgeirson og sønerne hans

Poetic Edda: Völuspá, Hárbarðsljóð, Grimmismál, Hymiskviða, Prymskviða, Alvíssmál, Lokasenna

Prose Edda: Gylfaginning, Haustlöng, Húsdrápa, Ragnarsdrápa, Skáldskaparmál, Ϸórsdrápa, Eiríksmál

Other: Eyrbyggja Saga, Kjalnesinga, Fóstbrœðra, Saga, Fljótsdæla Saga, Hallfreðar Saga, Heimskringla, Landnámabók, Flateyjarbók, Njáls Saga, Gautreks Saga

Runes

1. Ingvar Runestone – U Fv1992,157 – Viking Age – Uppland, Sweden

Inscription:
× kunar : auk biurn : auk × þurkrimr × ra-… …tain : þina * at þurst… × bruþur sin : is uas austr : tauþr * m… …ari × auk × karþ… …u þisi

Old Norse Translation:
Gunnarr ok Biorn ok ÞorgrimR ræ[istu s]tæin þenna at Þorst[æin] broður sinn, es vas austr dauðr m[eð Ingv]ari, ok gærð[u br]o þessi.

English Translation:
Gunnarr and Bjôrn and Þorgrímr* raised this stone in memory of Þorsteinn, their brother, who was dead in the east with Ingvarr, and made this bridge.

*Torgrim

GRIM:
(grimmr/grimm)

The extension ‘grim’ is added to a name to describe someone as a ‘leader’.  The adjective ‘grimmr’ means ‘heartless, strict or wicked’ – but ‘grimr’ has comparable semantics to  ‘gramr’ which means ‘wrath, king and warrior’.

Grim
the masked – is Odins name when he visits his first son of King Geirrød disguised in blue fur.

Literature
Icelandic Sagas: Saga on Helge og Grim, Dropløgs Sønner, The Saga of Gunnlaug the Worm-Tongue and Rafn the Skald, The Saga of Viglund the Fair, The Saga of the Ere-Dwellers, The Story of Howard the Halt, The Saga of Thrond of Gate, The Story of Hen-Thorir, Laksdøla, Grettir’s Saga, The Saga of Viga-Glum, Die Geschichte vom Hühnerthorir, Die Geschicte von Gunnlaug Schlangenzunge, Færøingernes Saga, Egil’s Saga, Haavard Isfjordings Saga, The Saga of Gisli the Outlaw, The Story of Brunt Njal, The Saga of Cornmac the Skald, Fortællingen om Brodd-Helge og hans søn Bjarne, Njaala, elder Soga um Njaal Torgeirson og sønerne hans.

Runes

1. Varangian Runestone – Sö 126 – Viking Age – Södermanland, Sweden

Inscription:
hu(l)(m)(f)riþ * ilin–r * [þ]aR * litu * hakua * stain * eftiR eskil * faþur * sin * han * trauh * orustu * i * austru[i]hi aþaa * fulks*krimR * fala * orþi

Old Norse Translation:
Holmfriðr, <ilin–r>, þaR letu haggva stæin æftiR Æskel, faður sinn. Hann draug orrustu i austrvegi, aðan folksgrimR falla orði.

English Translation:
Holmfríðr (and) <ilin–r>, they had the stone cut in memory of Áskell, their father. He engaged in battle on the eastern route, before the people’s commander wrought his fall.
name origin meaning rune
Torgunn Old Norse: Þórr and -gunnr Þórr meaning ‘Tor’ (God of Thunder)-gunnr (guðr) means ‘war, battle’
Mythology
See ‘Tor’ above.Gunn (f) – one of the three valkyries who travel to the battlefield and select the ones who will die.Literature
Poetic Edda: Völuspá, DarraðarljóðProse Edda: Gunnr is mentioned with Róta and Skuld as the three valkyries

Thorgunna: Eyrbyggja Saga

Runes

1. Randbøl Runestone – DR 40 (SJy 14) – Viking Age – Randbøl, Denmark

Inscription:
tufi : bruti : risþi : stin : þansi : aft : lika : brutia : þir : stafaR : munu þ: urkuni : miuk : liki : lifa

Old Norse Translation:
Tófi Bryti reisti stein þenna ept líka brytja. Þeir stafar munu Þorgunni mjôk lengi lifa

English Translation:
Tófi Steward raised this stone in memory of the steward’s helpmate. Very long will these staves live for Þorgunnr.

7 July

name origin meaning rune
Håvard Old Norse: hávarðr hár (hanha/hanhista) meaning ‘horse’ or (hauha) meaning ‘high’ or (haþu) meaning ‘battle’-varðr meaning ‘guard, watchman’
HÁR:
(Vár/Vår/Val)

Mythology
- means ‘pledge or beloved’.  It is the name of the Norse Goddess Vår, associated with oaths and agreements (especially at weddings).

Literature
Icelandic Sagas: The Saga of Gisli the Outlaw, The Story of Burnt Njal, Nials Saga

Poetic Edda: Ϸrymskviða

Prose Edda: Gylfaginning, Skáldskaparmál, Haustlöng

Other: Harvard: Sturlubók & Hauksbók, Landnámabók

Runes

1. N 140 – Viking Age – Vestfold, Norway

Inscription:
aurarþRfaþiulR

Old Norse Translation:
Hávarðr fáði hollr

English Translation:
Hårvard wrote (runes as he was the dead) faithfully.

Runes 2

2. VG 181 – Viking Age – Västergotländ, Sweden

Inscription:
kufi : rsþi : stin : þesi : eftR : ulaf : sun : sin * trk * hrþa * kuþan * hn * uarþ * trbin * i * estlatum * hu(a)rþ(r) * iuk * s—

Old Norse Translation:
Gufi ræisti stæin þennsi æftiR Olaf, sun sinn, dræng harða goðan. Hann varð drepinn i Æistlandum. Havarðr(?) hiogg s[tæin].

English Translation:
Gufi raised this stone in memory of Ólafr, his son, a very good valiant man. He was killed in Estonia. Hávarðr(?) cut the stone.
name origin meaning rune
Hulda Old Norse: huld hulda meaning ‘hiding, secrecy’(related to Huld, the name of a giantess)
Mythology
Huld is a witch (seið-kona) with magical powers that kills the King of Sweden, Vanlande.

Literature
Icelandic Sagas: Skalden Kormaks Saga, Reykdæla saga og Víga-Skútu

Other: Vatnsdæla Saga, Ynglinga Saga

8 July

name origin meaning rune
Sunniva/Synnøve/Synne Old Norse: sunnifa
Old English: sunngifu		 Irish Christian queen who fled to Norway, where she died
History
Sunniva is the patron saint of the Norwegian Diocese of Bjørgvin, as well as all of Western Norway. According to legend, Sunniva was the heir of an Irish kingdom, but had to flee when a heathen king, who wanted to marry her, invaded.

Literature
Acta Sanctorum in Selio

9 July

name origin meaning
Gøran/ Jøran/Ørjan Greek: georgios earth worker: farmer

10 July

name origin meaning
Anita/Anja Hebrew: hannah mercy, favour

11 July

name origin meaning rune
Kjetil/Kjell Old Norse: ketill ketill (n) meaning ‘helmet, ‘kettle-helm’ or ‘chieftain with helmet’
See ‘Ketill‘ from Kjellfrid above.

12 July

name origin meaning
Elias Hebrew: elija My God
name origin meaning rune
Eldar Old Norse: eldr and -arr
from Éldi		 eldr meaning ‘fire’elda, (að, [eldr]), ‘to light, kindle a fire’eld meaning ‘fire’

A warrior who fights with fire.

arr (harjaR) meaning ‘army leader, general, warrior’, or (warjaR) meaning ‘one who wards, defender’, or (gaiRaR) meaning ‘spear’
Eldar is generally used as the prefix of a name such as ‘Eldgrimmr’.

Literature
Landnámabók: Annar hluti, Íslendinga sögur, Guðni Jónsson: bjó til prentunar

13 July

name origin meaning rune
Mildrid Old Norse: mildríðr mild meaning ‘mild’
friðr meaning ‘love, peace’
See ‘friðr‘ in Kjellfrid above.Also: The extension ‘rik/rig/rid’ is added to a name (particularly a Norse god) to describe one as ‘old and wise, mighty and strong’.
name origin meaning
Melissa/Mia Melissa: Greek
Mia: German- dinimitive of Maria		 Melissa meaning ‘bee’
Mia is the dinimitive of Maria

14 July

name origin meaning rune
Solfrid Old Norse: sölr and -friðr sölr meaning ‘the sun’ or ‘yellow’-friðr meaning ‘love, peace’
SOL:
(Sól/Sölr/Sola)

Mythology
Sol is the daughter of Mundilfare and the sister of the moon.  She was assigned by the gods to pull the suns chariot which they had made to light up the world.

Literature
Prose Edda

See ‘friðr‘ in Kjellfrid above.

Also: The extension ‘rik/rig/rid’ is added to a name (particularly a Norse god) to describe one as ‘old and wise, mighty and strong’.
name origin meaning rune
Solrun Old Norse: sölr and -rúni sölr meaning ‘the sun’ or ‘yellow’-rúni meaning ‘secret lore/hidden knowledge’
See ‘Sol‘ in Solfrid above. RÚN:
(Runnr/Runa/Rune)

‘rún’ is from rúni or runes which means ‘writing’.

Runes

1. Sigurd Runestones – Sö 40 – Viking Age – Södermanland, Sweden

Inscription:
haunefR + raisti * at * kaiRmar * faþur * sin + haa * iR intaþr * o * þiusti * skamals * hiak * runaR þaRsi +

Old Norse Translation:
HonæfR ræisti at GæiRmar, faður sinn. Hann eR ændaðr a Þiusti. Skammhals hiogg runaR þaRsi.

English Translation:
Hónefr raised (the stone) in memory of Geirmarr, his father. He met his end in þjústr. Skammhals cut these runes.

15 July

name origin meaning rune
Oddmund Old Norse: oddr and -mundur oddr meaning ‘lance or spear, spearhead’ also (Odin) ‘the ecstatically furious’.mundur meaning ‘protector’ and
‘will, mind’
ODDR:
(Óðr, Óð)

Mythology
A mysterious diety – the lovver and husband of Freyer.  In Norse mythology it is hinted that Freyer and Oddr are the fertility god and goddess.  Oddr travels far and wide and Freyer cries longing for him.  Her tears fall as red gold.  Oddr and Odin have the same meaning and it is thought that these two norse characters are the same person.

Literature
Icelandic Sagas: Skalden Kormaks Saga, Gull-Ϸóris Saga, The Story of Hen-Thorir, Hænsa-Ϸóris Saga, The Saga of the Ere-Dwellers, The Story of the Banded Men, The Saga of the Heath Slayings, The Saga of Cormac the Skald, The Saga of Erik the Red, Bárðar Saga Snæfellsáss, The Saga of Gunnlaug the Worm-Tongue and Rafn the Skald, The Story of Howard the Halt, Bjarnar Saga Hítdælakappa, Eyrbyggja Saga, Vatnsdæla Saga, The Saga of Víga-Glúm, Egil’s Saga, Grettir’s Saga, The Story of the Laxdalers, The Laxdale Saga, Die Hovard Isfjordings-Saga, Egil’s Saga Skalla-Grímssonar, Brennu-Njáls Saga, Heiðarvíga Saga, Njaala, Elder Soga um Njaal Torgeirson og Sønerne Hans

Poetic Edda: Völuspå and Hyndleljód,

Prose Edda: Gylfaginning Heimskringa

Odin – Poetic Edda, Prose Edda: Ynglingesaga and Hávamál

*The runestone tradition is mentioned in both Ynglingesaga and Hávamál:

For men of consequence a mound should be raised to their memory, and for all other warriors who had been distinguished for manhood a standing stone; which custom remained long after Odin’s time.

MUNDUR:
(Mundi, Munda, Munr)
uncommon, used as a prefix.
name origin meaning rune
Oddrun Old Norse: oddr and -rúni oddr meaning ‘lance or spear, spearhead’ also (Odin) ‘the ecstatically furious’.-rúni meaning ‘secret lore/hidden knowledge’
See ‘Oddr‘ in OddmundAlso see  ‘-rúni‘ in Solrun.

16 July

name origin meaning
Susanne Greek/Hebrew ‘Lily’
name origin meaning rune
Sanna Old Norse: sandr or sannr sandr meaning ‘sand’ also’truth’ and ‘justice’, a ‘sooth-man,’ ‘oath-helper,

17 July

name origin meaning rune
Guttorm Old Norse: guð and -ormr guð meaning ‘god, god-like being’ormr meaning ‘serpent, snake, dragon,
History
The name of the Danish King, Gorm (900-958).
The name of a Norwegian King, Guttorm Sigurdsson (1204) Burried in Nidaros Cathedral.

Literature
Icelandic Sagas: The Story of Burnt Njal, Egil’s Saga – Gorm

Saxon Chronicles and King Harold’s Saga – Guthrum

Bagler Saga and Håkon Håkonsson’s Saga (13th Century) – Guttorm
name origin meaning rune
Gorm Old Norse: gormr or goð-ormr gormr (Goð-ormR/Goð-þormR/wurmaR) meaning ‘god’, ‘worm, serpent or dragon’ – (þyrma (v)) meaning ‘to revere, to honor’also – gormr meaning ‘mud, ooze’
See ‘Guttorm‘ above. Runes

1. Runestone of Gorm – Jelling Stones – DR 41 – Viking Age – Denmark

Inscription:
: kurmR : kunukR :, k(ar)þi : kubl : þusi :, a(ft) : þurui : kunu, | sina | tanmarkaR |

English Translation:
King Gormr made this monument in memory of Thyrvé, his wife, Denmark’s adornment.

18 July

name origin meaning rune
Arnulf Old Norse: örnólfr örn/ari meaning ‘eagle’úlfr/ólfr/wulfaR meaning ‘wolf’
Mythology
úlf, ólf, (wolf) is very present in Norse Mythology.  It is thought that wolves are chasing the sun and the moon which makes these two celestial objects continually move across the sky.  Odin has two tame wolves that feast off dead bodies and there is a wolf-demond named ‘Fenrisolven’.

Literature
Icelandic Sagas: (Ornolf) Laxdale Saga, The Story of Hen-Thorir, The Saga of the Ere-Dwellers, The Saga of Viga-Glum, The Story of Burnt Njaal, (Ørnulf) Hønsetores Saga

Runes

1. Greece Runestones - U 518 – Viking Age – Stockholm, Sweden

Inscription:
þurkir × uk × suin × þu litu × risa × stin × þina × iftiR × urmiR × uk × urmulf × uk × frikiR × on × etaþis × i silu × nur × ian þiR antriR × ut i × krikum × kuþ ihlbi –R(a) ot × uk salu

Old Norse Translation:
Þorgærðr ok Svæinn þau letu ræisa stæin þenna æftiR OrmæiR ok Ormulf ok FrøygæiR. Hann ændaðis i Silu nor en þæiR andriR ut i Grikkium. Guð hialpi [þæi]Ra and ok salu.

English Translation:
Þorgerðr and Sveinn, they had this stone raised in memory of Ormgeirr and Ormulfr and Freygeirr. He met his end in the sound of Sila (Selaön), and the others abroad in Greece. May God help their spirits and souls.

name origin meaning rune
Ørnulf Old Norse: örnólfr örn/ari meaning ‘eagle’úlfr/ólfr/wulfaR meaning ‘wolf’
See ‘Arnulf‘ above

19 July

name origin meaning rune
Gerhard Old Norse: geirhvatr geirr meaning ‘spear’hvatr meaning ‘quick, bold, brave, daring, manly’
Mythology
There are three particular Norse mythological characters that have ‘Geir’ as a prefix: two names Geirrød – one a foster son of Odin, the other is a daughter of Gyme (Joten – a clumsy creature with witchcraft powers from Jotenheimen) and the third: Geir-Skogul, a valkyrie.

Literature
Icelandic Sagas: (Geir) Hænse-Thori’s Saga, Bárðar Saga Snæfellsáss, Harðar Saga og Hólmverja, The Story of Hen-Thorir, Gunnars Saga Keldugnúpsfífls, Gull-Ϸóris Saga, Króka-Refs Saga, The Story of Burnt Njal, Egils Saga Skalla-Grímssonar, The Story of the Banded Men, Sagan om Hrafnkel Freysgode, Eyrbyggja Saga, Egil’s Saga, The Saga of the Ere-Dwellers, Njaala, Elder Soga um Njall Torgeirson og Sønerne Hans

Other: (Joten) Torsdråpa, Prose Edda, (Odin’s son) Skirnesmål

Runes

1. Greece Runestones – Sö 345 – Viking Age – Södermanland, Sweden

Inscription:
… …in × þinsa × at × kai(r)… … …-n * eR * e[n-a]þr × ut – × kr…, … …roþur × …,  … … raisa : …

Old Norse Translation:
… [stæ]in þennsa at GæiR… … [Ha]nn eR æn[d]aðr ut [i] Gr[ikkium], … [b]roður …, … [let] ræisa …

English Translation:
… this stone in memory of Geir-… … He had met his end abroad in Greece.
name origin meaning rune
Gjert Old Norse: geirr geirr meaning ‘spear’
See ‘Gerhard‘ above.

20 July

name origin meaning
Margareta/Margit/Marit Latin/Greek ‘pearl’

21 July

name origin meaning
Johanne/Janne/Jane Hebrew: yochanan/ioanna ‘god is gracious’

22 July

name origin meaning
Malene/Mailin/Mali Hebrew ‘of Magdala’

23 July

name origin meaning
Brita/Brit/Britt Swedish: birgitta Patron Saint of Europe

24 July

name origin meaning
Kristine/Kristin/Kristi Latin: christiana Christian

25 July

name origin meaning
Jakob/Jack/Jim Biblical
Old Norse: diminitive of Kobbi		 ‘holder of the heel’

26 July

name origin meaning
Anna/Anne/Ane Latin: hannah/johannes ‘god is gracious’

27 July

name origin meaning
Marita/Rita Latin/Greek ‘pearl’

28 July

name origin meaning rune
Reidar Old Norsk: hreiðr
or hræið		 Home Protectorhreiðr meaning ‘nest’ or ‘home, home-place’

-arr (harjaR) meaning ‘army, warrior’Also

hreiðr meaning ‘wreath, (from vríða – to wreath) – a birds nest.

reið meaning ‘the riding horse – to make to ride’.

reiðr meaning ‘wrathful, angry, offended’
Mythology
Reidmar (Hreidmar) a wizard, probably a dwarf.

Literature
Icelandic Sagas: The Saga of Viga-Glum, Grettir’s Saga, Vopnfirðinga Saga/Fortellingen om Brodd-Helge og Hans Søn Bjarne

Poetic Edda: Reginsmål, Prose Edda
name origin meaning rune
Reidun Old Norsk: hreiðr or hræið and -unn Reindeer Friendhreiðr:

hreiðr meaning ‘nest’ or ‘home, home-place’
arr (harjaR) meaning ‘army, warrior’

Also

hreiðr meaning  ‘wreath’, (from vríða – to wreath) – a birds nest.Reið meaning ‘the riding horse – to make to ride’.

reiðr meaning ‘wrathful, angry, offended’

-unn:

unna meaning ‘to love’ or ‘to grant, allow, bestow – to bestow one’s love on a person’

una meaning ‘to abide, dwell’

29 July

name origin meaning rune
Olav/Ola/Ole Old Norse: oláfr/aleifr á/anu meaning ‘ancestor’leifr/læifR/leif meaning ‘inheritance, legacy’
Óláfr
(Olav/Olaf/Ola/Ole)
- an old and favourite prefix name.  The oldest form seems to have been Áleifr, from Anleifr.

Histroy
There have been 5 King Olavs in Norwegian history including St. Olav.

Literature
Icelandic Sagas: (Olav) Laxdake Saga, (Olav) Erik den Rød Saga, Njaala, elder Soga um Njaal Torgeirson og sønerne hans/Brennu-Njáls saga, Fortællingen om Brodd-Helge og hans søn Bjarne, Laksdøla, Færøingernes saga

Runes

1. Manx Runestones – Br Olsen:189 – Viking Age – Ballaugh parish, Sweden

Inscription:
oulaibr ÷ liu(t)ulbs| |sunr : r[ai](s)[ti k]rs * þ-na : ai(f)(t)ir * …-b : sun [s]in

Old Norse Translation:
Áleifr/Óleifr Ljótulfs sonr reisti kross þ[e]nna eptir [Ul]f, son sinn.

English Translation:
Áleifr/Óleifr, Ljótulfrs son raised this cross in memory of Ulfr, his son.

30 July

name origin meaning rune
Aurora Old norse: auðr auðr meaning ‘fate, destiny’ or ‘the deep-minded’
Aurora (Borealis) is another name for the Northern Lights or ‘Nordlys’RunesRunes

1. ÖL 62 (Öl 31) – Viking Age -  ÖLAND, Sweden

Inscription:
auþbiarn : lit : reisa : stein : …—-… hialbi sialu * has

Old Norse Translation:
Auðbjôrn lét reisa stein … hjalpi sálu hans.”

English Translation:
Auðbjôrn had the stone raised … May (God) help his soul.
name origin meaning rune
Audhild/Aud Old Norse: auð and -hildr auð meaning ‘wealth’ orauðr meaning ‘fate, destiny’

-hildr meaning ‘battle, fight’
Literature
Icelandic Sagas: The Saga of Erik the Red, The Saga of Thrond of Gate, The Saga of the Heath Slayings, The Saga of the Ere-Dwellers, Grettir’s Saga, The Story of the Laxdalers, The Laxdale Saga, Færøingernes saga

Runes

1. U 821 – Viking Age – UPPLAND, Sweden

Inscription:
+ istryr ÷ lit ÷ raisa ‘ stain ‘ þina ‘ iftiR ‘ hiþinfast ‘ fa-(u)r sin ‘ auk ‘ auþa ‘ iftiR ÷ buanta ‘ sin ‘ ak ‘ iftiR + auþkerþi ‘ tutur sina ×

Old Norse Translation:
Ástríðr(?) lét reisa stein þenna eptir Heðinfast, fô[ð]ur sinn, ok Auða eptir bónda sinn ok eptir Auðgerði, dóttur sína.

English:
Ástríðr(?)had this stone raised in memory of Heðinfastr, her father; and Auða in memory of her husbandman and in memory of Auðgerðr, her daughter.

HILDR:

Mythology
‘hild’ is one of the three valkyries.

31 July

name origin meaning
Elin/Eline Greek: helene ‘torch’